NASA’s Evolutionary Xenon Thruster(NEXT) is a gridded-ion thruster. The advantage to this system over others is that you need only an electrical source to power the device and it has no moving parts so it is almost unbreakable. Electrostatic grid systems used in conventional state-of-the-art ion thrusters perform ion extraction and acceleration simultaneously in a single-stage process, typically using 2 or 3 permeable grids closely spaced in series. An ion thruster ionizes propellant by adding or removing electrons to produce ions. The greater the voltage difference between the two grids, the faster the positive ions move toward the negative charge. In a gridded ion thruster, ions are accelerated by electrostatic forces. Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters March 2008 The research described in this publication was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Gridded Ion Drives This is the best-known of the electric propulsion thrusters of any type, and is often shortened to “ion drive.” Here, the thruster has four main parts: the propellant supply, an ionization chamber, an array of conductive grids, and a neutralizing beam emitter.

A gridded ion thruster is a form of electric propulsion that is being rapidly developed and implemented in commercial and scientific spacecraft. The electric fields used for acceleration are generated by electrodes positioned at the downstream end of the thruster.

The ions generated in this plasma are accelerated out of the thruster by a pair of DC biased grids.

A gridded electric thruster that operates with only one RF power source providing propellant ionization, ion acceleration and beam neutralization is described here. The DS4G ion thruster. Dual-stage Gridded Ion Thruster (DS4G) Figure 1. A global (volume-averaged) model of a gridded-ion thruster is proposed. Each set of electrodes, called ion optics or grids, contains thousands of coaxial apertures.

An ion thruster produces a flow of air even though it has no moving parts. Gridded ion thrusters are a state-of-the-art spacecraft propulsion technology. A version of this seemingly impossible device is used on a larger scale to propel deep space probes for NASA. Following QinetiQ's successful development of the T5 ion thruster for ESA's GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) satellite, which orbited Earth for 4 years, ESA selected the larger T6 thruster for BepiColombo. In an ion thruster, ions are accelerated by electrostatic forces. The 10 cm microwave ion thruster 'μ10' has been under development by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for deep space missions since the 1990s.

The neutralization downstream is not treated.

Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service

Most thrusters ionize propellant by electron bombardment: a high-energy electron (negative charge) collides with a propellant atom (neutral charge), releasing electrons from the propellant atom and resulting in a positively charged ion. •Gridded ion engines involve three (almost) independent processes: ionisation, acceleration & neutralisation •The ionisation process defines the type of gridded ion engine (DC, RF, ECR..)

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