Despite the tantalizing suggestion that there is an ocean layer on Callisto, the possibility that there is life in the ocean remains remote. Titan is believed to have a salty subsurface ocean—as salty as the Dead Sea on Earth— beginning about 30 miles (50 km) below its ice shell. The results of the research has led scientists to believe that Callisto may have a subsurface ocean as well as locating oxygen in its atmosphere. Now researchers are reporting telltale indications that the battered Jovian moon Callisto may also harbor a subsurface ocean.
The slow convection in the interior of Callisto, which commenced soon after formation, led to partial differentiation and possibly to the formation of a subsurface ocean at a depth of 100-150 km and a small, rocky core. The electrical conductivity required to produce the observed perturbations is much larger than the known conductivities of ice or rock, the major surface constituents.
If Callisto has an ocean, that would make it more like another Jovian moon, Europa, which has yielded numerous hints of a subsurface ocean. Callisto may have a salty ocean under its surface and an atmosphere, but it lacks tectonic activity. Could Life Exist? What is the conducting layer on Callisto? A mission that NASA is planning to launch between 2022 and 2025 will be able to confirm the presence of a subsurface ocean on Europa by using a roughly twice as much If Europa turns out to have a subsurface ocean which is a 100 km deep or more, how much water would this correspond to, compared to the amount of water in the Earth's oceans?
More recent research reveals that this ocean may be located deeper beneath the surface than previously thought, or may not exist at all. 10 Need-to-Know Things About Callisto The slow convection in the interior of Callisto, which commenced soon after formation, led to partial differentiation and possibly to the formation of a subsurface ocean at a depth of 100–150 km and a small, rocky core.
Ten Things to Know About Callisto.
Going back to the theoretical possibility of a subsurface ocean, the investigators found a possible explanation for Callisto's behavior. Callisto's gradual accretion and the lack of tidal heating meant that not enough heat was available for rapid differentiation.
If an ocean is present, it’s possible the ocean is interacting with rock on Callisto, creating a potential habitat for life. There was a NASA proposal back in 2003 to eventually (2040s) send an expedition to Callisto, the outermost Galilean moon of Jupiter, and turn it into a major space base.
It is also possible that Titan’s ocean is thin and sandwiched between layers of ice, or is thick and extends all the way down to the moon’s rocky interior.
The likely presence of an ocean within Callisto leaves open … Callisto was also argued to possess a subsurface ocean based on induction signals obtained during several Galileo spacecraft flybys (Khurana et al., 1998; Zimmer et al., 2000).
Details on that in a bit.
This cutaway view of Callisto shows a whitish 200 kilometer thick band of ice just beneath the moon's surface. A Crazy Idea: Infinite Hydroelectric Power Callisto is thought to have a subsurface saltwater ocean below the 80-150 km thick crust.
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