Les six communes de cette province sont : La commune de Sgonico ainsi que la commune slovène de Komen (Comeno en italien) ont fondé ensemble l'institution du District transfrontalier du Carso, dans le cadre du projet Interreg IIIA de l'Union européenne. They were the largest linguistic group in 10 of the 19 urban neighbourhoods, and represented the majority in 7 of them (including all 6 in the city centre). El 10 de febrero de 1947 se firmó un tratado de paz con Italia, estableciendo el Territorio libre de Trieste. The Fascist government encouraged some of the artistic and intellectual subcultures that emerged in the 1920s, and the city became home to an important avant-garde movement in visual arts, centered around the futurist Tullio Crali and the constructivist Avgust Černigoj. En 1954, le Territoire libre de Trieste est partagé entre l'Italie et à la Yougoslavie. [9] The climatic setting of the city is humid subtropical climate (Cfa according to Köppen climate classification). On 30 April 1945, the Slovenian and Italian anti-Fascist Osvobodilna fronta (OF) and National Liberation Committee (Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale, or CLN) of Marzari and Savio Fonda, made up of approximately 3,500 volunteers, incited a riot against the Nazi occupiers. This railway stretches for 1,400 km (870 mi) to Lviv, Ukraine, via Ljubljana, Slovenia; Sopron, Hungary; Vienna, Austria; and Kraków, Poland, crossing the backbone of the Alps mountains through the Semmering Pass near Graz. La province de Trieste (en italien : Provincia di Trieste ; en slovène : Tržaška pokrajina) est une province italienne de la région autonome du Frioul-Vénétie Julienne. This is a list of the mayors of Trieste since 1949: During the Austro-Hungarian era, Trieste became a leading European city in economy, trade and commerce, and was the fourth-largest and most important centre in the empire, after Vienna, Budapest and Prague. Three inscriptions from the Trajanic period mention a certain Q. Petronius Modestus, someone closely connected to the development of the theatre, which was erected during the second half of the 1st century. Según las estimaciones publicadas por el Gobierno Militar Aliado (considerado no fiable por Yugoslavia),[cita requerida] la Zona A tenía cerca de 310.000 habitantes, incluyendo 239.200 italófonos y 63.000 eslovenos en 1949. Trieste is served by the Trieste – Friuli Venezia Giulia Airport (IATA: TRS). Trieste, chorv. Trieste Kelly Dunn (born January 14, 1981) is an American actress. 32, in which the Berlitz School was located where James Joyce taught and came in contact with Italo Svevo, and the house at Via San Nicolo No. In 2020, the city was also rated as one of the 25 best small cities in the world in terms of quality-of-life.[5]. Modern names of the city include: Italian: Trieste, Slovene: Trst, German: Triest, Hungarian: Trieszt, Croatian: Trst, Serbian: Трст/Trst, Polish: Triest, Greek: Τεργέστη/Tergesti and Czech: Terst. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Trieste declined by 3.5%, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.85%. La même année, les villes suivantes passent sous contrôle de la Yougoslavie : Postojna (et sa fameuse grotte), Sežana et Lipizza, connue pour ses chevaux. [73], Today the port of Trieste is one of the largest Italian ports and next to Gioia Tauro the only deep water port in the central Mediterranean for seventh generation container ships.[74]. Los ríos que atravesaban el estado son el Risano/Rižana, el Dragogna/Dragonja, el Timavo/Reka, el Rosandra/Glinščica y el Quieto/Mirna. The statues that adorned the theatre, brought to light in the 1930s, are now preserved at the town museum. In 1942 the early neorealist Alfa Tau! In 2018, it had a population of about 205,000[3] and it is the capital of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Le port de Trieste est l'un des plus importants de la Méditerranée, tant pour le trafic pétrolier (grâce à la présence d'un oléoduc reliant la ville à Ingolstadt) que pour le trafic de conteneurs. Croatia is some 30 km (19 mi) to the south. It approaches Trieste through the village of Villa Opicina, a few kilometres from the big city but over 300 metres (984 feet) higher in elevation. In the following decades, Trieste was briefly occupied by troops of the French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars on several occasions, in 1797, 1805 and 1809. Many sailing clubs have roots in the city which contribute to Trieste's strong tradition in that sport. Le territoire de la province est une bande de terre d'une longueur de 30 km et d'une largeur de 5 à 10 km, bordée à l'ouest par la mer Adriatique et s'étendant vers l'est sur le haut plateau du Carso jusqu'à la frontière entre l'Italie et la Slovénie. [78] Works on reopening the line, however, are said to be starting in the near future. The city's Jewish community was deported to extermination camps, where most of them died. [71], Of course, the local seafood from the Adriatic is also used in this city. Trieste was one of the oldest parts of the Habsburg Monarchy, belonging to it from 1382 until 1918. Passenger trains also run between Villa Opicina and Ljubljana. [46], The thriving coffee industry in Trieste began under Austria-Hungary, with the Austro-Hungarian government even awarding tax-free status to the city in order to encourage more commerce. La zona, aprobada por la Unión Europea, quedó administrada por un comité mixto de seis miembros. Trieste had lost roughly ⅓ of its population since the 1970s, due to the crisis of the historical industrial sectors of steel and shipbuilding, a dramatic drop in fertility rates and fast population aging. The Julian March was divided by the Morgan Line between Anglo-American and Yugoslav military administration until September 1947 when the Paris Peace Treaty established the Free Territory of Trieste. University of Bamberg Press, 2014, Serbian Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity and St Spyridon, Metropolitanate of Zagreb, Ljubljana and all Italy, Greek Orthodox Church of San Nicolò dei Greci, Civico Museo di Storia Naturale di Trieste, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Carso Center for Advanced Research in Space Optics, List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy, International School for Advanced Studies, "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011", "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018", "Total Resident Population on 1st January 2018 by sex and marital status. The original pre-Roman name of the city, Tergeste, with the -est- suffix typical of Venetic, is speculated to be derived from a hypothetical Illyrian word *terg- "market", etymologically related to Old Church Slavonic tьrgъ "market" (whence Western South Slavic trg, tržnica, Polish targ and the Scandinavian borrowing torg; cf. El Trieste fue un batiscafo de investigación oceanográfica de diseño suizo y construcción italiana con una tripulación de dos ocupantes. Un service de nuit incluant 4 parcours est offert dans la capitale seulement. La réserve naturelle marine de Miramare et la réserve naturelle des falaises de Duino se trouvent sur la côte, alors que les réserves naturelles du Mont Lanaro, du Mont Orsario et de Val Rosandra sont, elles, à l'intérieur des terres. Cinematic interest in Trieste peaked during the height of the "Free Territory" era between 1947 and 1954 with international films such as Sleeping Car to Trieste and Diplomatic Courier portraying it as a hotbed of espionage. They also operate the Opicina Tramway, a hybrid between a tramway and funicular railway, providing a more direct link between the city centre and Opicina. Fue establecido en 1947 para acomodar a una población con mezcla étnica y cultural en un país neutral, democrático e independiente. [54] Trieste is predominantly Roman Catholic, but also has large numbers of Orthodox Christians, mainly Serbs. 30, in which James Joyce lived, the house Via San Nicolo No. Andreas Deutsch: Verlagerungseffekte im containerbasierten Hinterlandverkehr. Esta página se editó por última vez el 15 dic 2019 a las 01:43. The political leadership of the around 70,000 émigrés from the Julian March in Yugoslavia was mostly composed of Trieste Slovenes: Lavo Čermelj, Josip Vilfan and Ivan Marija Čok. [35] The German forces surrendered on the evening of 2 May, but were then turned over to the Yugoslav forces. Fue establecido en 1947 para acomodar a una población con mezcla étnica y cultural en un país neutral, democrático e independiente. Au cours de la même année, on dénombre 1792 naissances (7,6 %) et 3372 décès (14,2 %) pour un déclin de 1580 (-6,7 %), un des plus limités d'Italie. In 788, Trieste submitted to Charlemagne, who placed it under the authority of their count-bishop who in turn was under the Duke of Friùli. Le Territoire libre de Trieste (en italien : Territorio libero di Trieste ; en slovène : Svobodno tržaško ozemlje ; en croate : Slobodna teritorija Trsta) est un État neutre créé en Vénétie julienne à l'issue de la Seconde Guerre mondiale par une décision du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies du 10 janvier 1947 et officialisé en 1947 par le traité de Paris. La Zona A, de 222,5 km² de extensión y con 262.406 habitantes, incluía Trieste y era administrada por las fuerzas británicas y estadounidenses. Sa population est estimée à 50 000 habitants vers 1809[1]. Morton, Graeme; R. J. Morris; B. M. A. de Vries (2006). [37] "Trieste goes to Australia", Cresciani Gianfranco, Resolución 16 del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas, Original copy of the 1954 Memorandum of Understanding signed in London, http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Italy.htm#Trieste, THE PORT OF TRIESTE AND ITS RAILWAY CONNECTIONS IN THE HABSBURG MONARCHY: ECONOMIC CHANGE AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEMS, 1850-1918, Trieste: la ciudad italiana que quiere ser un país independiente, https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorio_libre_de_Trieste&oldid=122036081, Estados desaparecidos de Europa en el siglo XX, Antiguas repúblicas de Europa del siglo XX, Estados desaparecidos de la península itálica, Italia después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Estados y territorios desaparecidos en 1954, Wikipedia:Páginas con enlaces mágicos de ISBN, Wikipedia:Artículos con pasajes que requieren referencias, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores VIAF, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores LCCN, Licencia Creative Commons Atribución Compartir Igual 3.0. À la fin de 2006, la province compte 237 049 habitants, incluant 13 436 étrangers (5,7 %). On 1 May Allied members of the Yugoslav Partisans' 8th Dalmatian Corps took over most of the city, except for the courts and the castle of San Giusto, where the German garrisons refused to surrender to anyone other than New Zealanders. Among the most famous are the Grotta Gigante, the largest tourist cave in the world, with a single cavity large enough to contain St Peter's in Rome, and the Cave of Trebiciano, 350 metres (1,150 ft) deep, at the bottom of which flows the Timavo River. The average temperatures (1971/2000) are 5.7 °C (42 °F) in January and 24.1 °C (75 °F) in July. Venice intended to keep the city and began rebuilding its defenses, but was forced to leave in 1372. En mars 1995, le ROV Kaikō japonais de la Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology est devenu le deuxième engin à atteindre le fond du Challenger Deep, dans la Fosse des Mariannes. The Trieste area is divided into 8a–10a zones according to USDA hardiness zoning; Villa Opicina (320 to 420 MSL) with 8a in upper suburban area down to 10a in especially shielded and windproof valleys close to the Adriatic sea. Oderzo, anciently Opitergium). In: Trieste All News. Il est actuellement exposé au U.S. Navy Museum. In 1719, it was granted status as a free port within the Habsburg Empire by Emperor Charles VI, and remained a free port until 1 July 1791. Trieste also has a well-known basketball team, Pallacanestro Trieste, which reached its zenith in the 1990s under coach Bogdan Tanjević when, with large financial backing from sponsors Stefanel, it was able to sign players such as Dejan Bodiroga, Fernando Gentile and Gregor Fučka, all stars of European basketball. The city was witness to the Battle of the Frigidus in the Vipava Valley in AD 394, in which Theodosius I defeated Eugenius. Dans les écoles slovènes, on prévoit un nombre minimum d'heures d'enseignement de la langue italienne et de sa littérature, avec un programme identique à celui prévu dans les autres écoles italiennes. Companies active in the coffee sector have given birth to the Trieste Coffee Cluster as their main umbrella organization, but also as an economic actor in its own right.[47]. Although it faced relegation after the first season after the Second World War, the FIGC changed the rules to keep it in, as it was seen as important to keep a club of the city in the Italian league, while Yugoslavia had its eye on the city. Since the 1960s, Trieste, thanks to its many international organizations and institutions, has been one of the most important research locations in Europe, an international school and university city and has one of the highest living standards among Italian cities. While Triestine and Italian were spoken by the largest part of the population, German was the language of the Austrian bureaucracy and Slovene was predominantly spoken in the surrounding villages. Some remnants of Austria-Hungary's coffee-driven economic ambition remain, such as the Hausbrandt Trieste coffee company. Other megacompanies based in Trieste are Fincantieri, one of the world's leading shipbuilding companies and the Italian operations of Wärtsilä. [24] The psychological trauma, experienced by more than 150,000 people, led to a massive emigration of German and Slavic families from Trieste. En 1920, avec le traité de Rapallo, la Province de Trieste et l'Istrie sont annexées à l'État italien. From the last decades of the 19th century, the number of speakers of Slovene grew steadily, reaching 25% of the overall population of Trieste municipality in 1911 (30% of the Austro-Hungarian citizens in Trieste).[56]. Son territoire était divisé en 12 cantons : deux à Trieste, un à Montfalcone, Senoschia, Adelsbesg, Capo-d'Istria, Pirano, Parenzo, Pinguente, Rovigno, Dignano et Albona[2]. Franz Joseph, who reigned another thirty-four years, never visited Trieste again. *Gobernadores de la Venecia Julia antes de la creación del TLT. While the tuna fishing has declined, the anchovies from the Gulf of Trieste off Barcola (in the local dialect: "Sardoni barcolani") are a special and sought-after delicacy. 1. Among these: AREA Science Park, which comprises ELETTRA, a synchrotron particle accelerator with free-electron laser capabilities for research and industrial applications; the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, which operates under a tripartite agreement among the Italian Government, UNESCO, and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); the Trieste Astronomical Observatory; the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), which carries out research on oceans and geophysics; the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, a United Nations centre of excellence for research and training in genetic engineering and biotechnology for the benefit of developing countries; ICS-UNIDO, a UNIDO research centre in the areas of renewable energies, biofuels, medicinal plants, food safety and sustainable development; the Carso Center for Advanced Research in Space Optics; and the secretariats of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and of the InterAcademy Panel: The Global Network of Science Academies (IAP). département des anciennes Provinces illyriennes, Dernière modification le 23 août 2019, à 16:33, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trieste_(province)&oldid=162051307, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Un bureau régional de la commune de Trieste. In the 19th century, a new port district known as the Porto Nuovo was built northeast to the city centre. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners). The airport serves domestic and international destinations and is fully connected to the national railway and highway networks. "Kaffee-Inspirationen: Kaffeebuch mit exklusiven Rezepten" (2013), Università del Caffè di Trieste, p 62. This dialect and the official Italian language are spoken in the city, while Slovene is spoken in some of the immediate suburbs. Los soldados yugoslavos se marcharon el 12 de junio de 1945, cumpliendo así un acuerdo entre Yugoslavia y los Aliados alcanzado el 12 de mayo. Due to this, the line takes a 32 kilometres (20 miles) detour to the north, gradually descending before terminating at the Trieste Centrale railway station. San Dorligo est, pour sa part, sous le contrôle de Postojna (Slovénie). The average age of Trieste residents is 46 compared to the Italian average of 42. La majeure partie du territoire de la province présente des caractéristiques propres aux sols karstiques (région du Carso), telles des dolines et des grottes – dont la célèbre Grotta Gigante (« Grotte géante ») ouverte au public. But Fascist Italy promoted a huge development of Trieste in the 1930s, with new manufacturing activities related even to naval and armament industries (like the famous "Cantieri Aeronautici Navali Triestini (CANT)"). The reign of his successor, Maria Theresa of Austria, marked the beginning of a very prosperous era for the city. In 27 BC, Trieste was incorporated in Regio X of Augustan Italia.[13]. El Estado libre de Trieste o Territorio libre de Trieste (en italiano: Territorio libero di Trieste, en esloveno: Svobodno tržaško ozemlje y en croata: Slobodni teritorij Trsta) fue una ciudad-Estado situada en Europa central, entre el norte de Italia y el territorio de Eslovenia y Croacia.