[193] Ottoman raids on the Adriatic coasts effectively ceased after the massive setback in the Battle of Lepanto in October 1571. [198] These were created in 1809 through the Treaty of Schönbrunn; they represented the end of Venetian rule on the eastern Adriatic coast, as well as the end of the Republic of Ragusa. [50] The southern Adriatic is subjected to saltier water from the Levantine Basin. La Marine austro-hongroise et la Marine royale italienne ne sont que des puissances navales de second plan et doivent limiter leurs ambitions tandis que l'Empire ottoman conserve l'Albanie jusqu'à la Première Guerre balkanique de 1912-1913. The islands of Cres and the adjacent Lošinj are separated only by a narrow navigable canal dug in the time of classical antiquity;[23] the original single island was known to the Greeks as Apsyrtides. The South Adriatic Basin is similar in many respects to the Northern Ionian Sea, to which it is connected. All rights reserved. [3] The two terms were not synonymous, however. In the Middle Ages, the Adriatic shores and the sea itself were controlled, to a varying extent, by a series of states—most notably the Byzantine Empire, the Croatian Kingdom, the Republic of Venice, the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. The largest cargo ports among them are the Port of Trieste (the largest Adriatic cargo port in Italy), the Port of Venice, the Port of Ravenna, the Port of Koper (the largest Slovenian port),[270] the Port of Rijeka (the largest Croatian cargo port), and the Port of Brindisi. [246], The countries bordering the Adriatic Sea are significant tourist destinations. [111] The Torre del Cerrano protected area was created in 2009, extending 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) into the sea and along 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) of coastline. The rest of the territory was made a part of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, which in turn was also in the Transleithanian part of the dual monarchy. Italy and Yugoslavia agreed on their maritime boundaries by 1975 and this boundary is recognised by Yugoslavia's successor states, but the maritime boundaries between Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro are still disputed. The amphidromic point is at the mid-width east of Ancona. The Adriatic's western shores are largely either alluvial or terraced, whereas the eastern shores are predominantly rocky, except for the southernmost part of the shore located in Albania that consists of sandy coves and rocky capes. Cet équilibre est validé par le Congrès de Vienne en 1815, les Britanniques, pour prix de leurs services, conservant l'île grecque de Corfou, considérée comme la clé de l'Adriatique. [135] Two additional marine protection areas are planned in Albania: the Cape of Rodon (Albanian: Kepi i Rodonit) and Porto Palermo. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. [208] Following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868, the control of much of the eastern Adriatic coast was redefined. The exchange of the substances is made more complex by bathymetry of the Adriatic Sea—75% of water flowing north through the strait recirculates at the Palagruža Sill and North Adriatic adds no more than 3 – 4% of water to the South Adriatic. [140] An additional risk is presented by oil refineries in the Po River basin where oil spills have occurred before,[141] in addition to accidents occurring in the Adriatic already, so far with no significant environmental consequences. [251] Turtles and common bottlenose dolphins are also being killed by fishing nets. The Croatian National Biodiversity Strategy Action Plan identified more than 7,000 animal and plant species in the Adriatic Sea. [234][242] Croatia's application to become an EU member state was initially suspended pending resolution of its border disputes with Slovenia. Collect, curate and comment on your files. Un seul grand fleuve, le Pô, se jette dans l'Adriatique. ", "Report of the Republic of Slovenia on the implementation of the Agreement in the period 2005–2007", Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds, "Saltpans of Strunjan, Slovenia – proposal", "Microplanktonic and Microbenthic Algal Assemblages in the Coastal Brackish Lake Fiesa and the Dragonja Estuary (Slovenia)", "Vendim për shpalljen "Park Kombëtar" të ekosistemit natyror detar pranë gadishullit të Karaburunit dhe ishullit të Sazanit", "Ecologic risks from crude oil tankers in Croatian part of Adriatic Sea", "Tankerska havarija u Jadranu bez prihoda bi ostavila milijun ljudi", "Environmental disaster warning as oil spill reaches the Po, Italy's biggest river", "Havarija tankera na Hvaru: pijani kormilar vozio, kapetan boravio u – zahodu", "Coastal Town Mayors Protest over Italy's Gas Terminal", "Minister Welcomes Trieste Council Decision against Gas Terminals", "Environmental NGO Labels Trieste Gas Terminal Time Bomb", "Slovenia slams Italy's Trieste LNG plans", "Nevrijeme i Božićni blagdani: smeće u starom Portu", "Made in Italy: Fashion, food, Fiat, pollution", "Kvaliteta zraka u Rijeci: Mlaka, Urinj i Viševac crne točke zagađenja", "The Joint Commission for the protection of the Adriatic Sea and coastal area from pollution", Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection (Croatia), "Addressing Adriatic Hot Spots: A Proposed Adriatic Environmental Program", "Via Egnatia: a journey across the lower Balkans through time", "Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna AD 552 – 754", "Povijesni zemljovidi i granice Hrvatske u Tomislavovo doba", "Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije", "2 Yugoslav States Vote Independence To Press Demands", "NATO and the UN quarrel in Bosnia as Serbs press on", "The maritime boundaries of the Adriatic Sea", "Prilog za povijest uprave: Komisija za razgraničenje pri Predsjedništvu Vlade Narodne Republike Hrvatske 1945–1946", "Kriza međunarodnih odnosa – studija slučaja: Hrvatska i Slovenija – granica u Istri", "Slovenia backs Croatia border deal in referendum vote", "Croatia and Slovenia submit arbitration agreement to UN", "Talijanski ribari optužuju hrvatsku flotu da im kradu ribu", "Prosvjed zbog prekomjernog izlova srdele", "Potpisan pristupni ugovor: budućnost EU-a i u hrvatskim je rukama", "Kako ispraviti promašaj ribolovne politike? [209] The Ottoman Empire lost all territories along the Adriatic following the First Balkan War and consequent 1913 Treaty of London that established an independent Albania. [210], The World War I Adriatic Campaign was largely limited to blockade attempts by the Allies and the effort of the Central Powers to thwart the British, French and Italian moves. Les pays côtiers sont l'Italie, la Slovénie, la Croatie, la Bosnie-Herzégovine, le Monténégro et l'Albanie, ainsi que la Grèce par l'île de Corfou. [186] Still, the 1381 Treaty of Turin that ended the war required Venice to renounce claims to Dalmatia, after losing the territory to Hungary in 1358. L'Empire autrichien (devenu en 1867 austro-hongrois) doit faire face à la rivalité du nouveau royaume d'Italie proclamé en 1861, soutenu par le Second Empire français puis par le royaume de Prusse et qui s'empare de la Vénétie en 1866. Les accords entre l'Italie et l'Albanie concernant leurs limites maritimes datent, eux, de 1992. This circulation has significantly contributed to the biodiversity of the countries along the eastern Adriatic coast; the common bottlenose dolphin is frequent in the eastern coast's waters only, and the Croatian coast provides refuge for the critically endangered monk seal and sea turtles. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. [98], A number of rare and threatened species are also found along the Adriatic's eastern coast; it is relatively clearer and less polluted than the western Adriatic coast—in part because the sea currents flow through the Adriatic in a counterclockwise direction, thus bringing clearer waters up the eastern coast and returning increasingly polluted water down the western coast. Sur La Mer Adriatique, Bari, Italy. [32][79] There are five geomorphological units in the Adriatic: the Northern Adriatic (up to 100 metres (330 ft) deep); the North Adriatic islands area protected against sediments filling it in by outer islands (pre-Holocene karst relief); the Middle Adriatic islands area (large Dalmatian islands); the Middle Adriatic (characterized by the Middle Adriatic Depression); and the Southern Adriatic consisting of a coastal shelf and the Southern Adriatic Depression. Adriatique is an electronic music producer and DJ duo from Zürich, Switzerland, consisting of Adrian Shala and Adrian Schweizer. The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans. Oil spills are a major concern in terms of potential environmental impact and damage to tourism and fisheries. Sa surface est de 160 000 km2 ; sa profondeur moyenne est de 444 mètres inégalement répartie entre extrémité NO peu profonde et celle SE bien plus profonde d'environ 1000 m[2]. The Northern Adriatic's comparatively shallow seabed is characterised by relict sand (from times when the water level was lower and the area was a sandy beach), while a muddy bed is typical at depths below 100 metres (330 ft). [254], In 2007, Croatia's production in live weight reached 53,083 tonnes (52,245 long tons). [14][15] In 2016, Slovenia adopted a new elevation benchmark referring to the upgraded tide gauge station in the coastal town of Koper. Following Italian unification, the Kingdom of Italy started an eastward expansion that lasted until the 20th century. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Adriatic Sea - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Adriatic Sea - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [108], The biodiversity of the Adriatic is relatively high, and several marine protected areas have been established by countries along its coasts. [234] Following Croatian EU membership, the Adriatic became an internal sea of the EU. The plate's movement contributed to the formation of the surrounding mountain chains and Apennine tectonic uplift after its collision with the Eurasian plate. Here are a few suggestions to try! Over 100,000 English translations of French words and phrases. Starts with Contains the word Ends with. In 752 AD the Lombards overthrew the Exarchate, ending the influence of the Byzantine Empire on the western shore of the Adriatic for a few centuries. The earliest settlements on the Adriatic shores were Etruscan, Illyrian, and Greek. [49], The Adriatic's surface temperature usually ranges from 22 to 30 °C (72 to 86 °F) in the summer, or 12 to 14 °C (54 to 57 °F) in the winter, except along the western Adriatic coast's northern part, where it drops to 9 °C (48 °F) in the winter. [169] When the Western Empire fell in 476 AD Ravenna became the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy. ", "Facing Water Challenges in the Po River Basin, Italy: A WWDR3 Case Study", "Technology: Venetians put barrage to the test against the Adriatic", "Venice's 1,500-year battle with the waves", "Submerged Karst – Dead or Alive? Elle est divisée en trois bassins, celui du nord étant le moins profond et celui du sud présentant la plus grande profondeur (1233 mètres). Au IIIe siècle av. Among the largest are Bari, Venice, Trieste, and Rimini in Italy, Split, Rijeka and Zadar in Croatia, Durrës and Vlorë in Albania and Koper in Slovenia. The walled old city of Dubrovnik, Croatia, on the Adriatic Sea. [178][179] In addition, the Papal States were carved out in the area around Rome and central Italy in the 8th century. [46] The submarine springs include thermal springs, discovered offshore near the town of Izola. [114] Furthermore, there are 10 internationally important (Ramsar) wetland reserves in Italy located along the Adriatic coast. Maritime transport is also a significant branch of the area's economy—there are 19 seaports in the Adriatic that each handle more than a million tonnes of cargo per year. The additional boundary agreed upon in 1975 consists of 5 points, extending from an end point of the 1968 line. [166] Brundisium and Dyrrachium remained important ports well after the Roman period, but an earthquake in the 3rd century AD changed the path of a river causing Apollonia's harbor to silt up, and the city to decline. The cisleithanian (Austrian) part of Austria-Hungary spanned from the Austrian Littoral to the Bay of Kotor, with the exception of the Croatian Littoral mainland. In 402 AD, during a period of repeated Germanic invasions of Italy, the capital was shifted to Ravenna because nearby marshes made it more defensible, and the Adriatic provided an easy escape path by sea. La mer Adriatique (du latin : Mare Hadriaticum ou Mare Adriaticum) est une mer séparant la péninsule italienne de la péninsule balkanique. [123][124] The Sečovlje Salina Landscape Park was established in 1990, covers 721 hectares (1,780 acres), and includes four nature reserves. Still, since most of the cargo handled by the Adriatic ports, and virtually all liquid (tanker) cargo handled by the ports, is coming to—not coming from—the Adriatic Basin, the risk from ballast water (from tankers expelling ballast water then loading in the Adriatic) remains minimal. [117] The Lim Canal is a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) ria of the Pazinčica river. [149][150], Italy and Yugoslavia established a joint commission to protect the Adriatic Sea from pollution in 1977; the organization later changed with Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro replacing Yugoslavia. The drainage basin's mean elevation is 782 metres (2,566 ft) above sea level, with a mean slope of 12.1°. [188] The 15th and the 16th centuries brought about the Byzantine Empire's destruction in 1453 and the Ottoman Empire's expansion that reached Adriatic shores in present-day Albania and Montenegro as well as the immediate hinterland of the Dalmatian coast,[189][190] defeating the Hungarian and Croatian armies at Krbava in 1493 and Mohács in 1526. [148] Air pollution in the Adriatic Basin is associated with the large industrial centres in the Po River valley and the large industrial cities along the coast. [69] Similarly, karst developed in Apulia from the Apulian Carbonate Platform. [213] In 1918, the Montenegrin national assembly voted to unite with the Kingdom of Serbia, giving the latter access to the Adriatic. [48] The Middle and South Adriatic Gyres (SAG), are significant cyclonic circulation features, with the former being intermittent and the latter permanent. Fisheries and tourism are significant sources of income all along the Adriatic coast. During the reign of Augustus it became a major naval base as part of his program to re-organize the Roman navy to better protect commerce in the Mediterranean. [257] As of January 2012, the Blue Flag has been awarded to 103 Italian Adriatic beaches and 29 marinas, 116 Croatian beaches and 19 marinas, 7 Slovenian beaches and 2 marinas, and 16 Montenegrin beaches. [214] Another short-lived, unrecognised state established in 1918 was the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, formed from parts of Austria-Hungary, comprising most of the former monarchy's Adriatic coastline. The Adriatic extends northwest from 40° to 45°47' north, representing the Mediterranean's northernmost portion. [109] The Lastovo nature park was established in 2006, and it includes 44 islands and islets, 53 square kilometres (20 sq mi) of land and 143 square kilometres (55 sq mi) of sea surface. Si vous êtes à la recherche d'autres utilisations, voir Adriatico (désambiguïsation). The bora is significantly conditioned by wind gaps in the Dinaric Alps bringing cold and dry continental air; it reaches peak speeds in the areas of Trieste, Senj, and Split, with gusts of up to 180 kilometres per hour (97 kn; 110 mph). In the Adriatic's southernmost areas the border was not determined in order to avoid prejudicing the location of the tripoint with the Albanian continental shelf border, which remains undefined. [40][41][42], It is estimated that the Adriatic's entire volume is exchanged through the Strait of Otranto in 3.4±0.4 years, a comparatively short period. Ianniello, A., Bolelli, W., and Di Scala, L., 1992, Barbara Field, Adriatic Sea, Offshore Italy, In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1978–1988, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, formation of the surrounding mountain chains, Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance, internationally important (Ramsar) wetland reserves, Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, "Drainage Basin of the Mediterranean Sea", United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, "Cartography in Croatia 2007–2011 – National Report to the ICA", "S pomočjo mareografske postaje v Kopru do novega geodetskega izhodišča za Slovenijo", Die Alpen: Hydrologie und Verkehrsübergänge (German), Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, "Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1 : 25 000", "Croatian small islands – residential and/or leisure area", "Stare crkve na Cresu i Lošinju te okolnim otocima", "Cape Kephali, Corfu, Greece – the southernmost point of the Adriatic Sea", "Adriatic Sea Fisheries: outline of some main facts", "Zadar: Zbog velike plime more poplavilo obalu", "Jugo i niski tlak: More poplavilo šibensku rivu", "Marine Radioecology and Waste Management in the Adriatic", "Investigation of submarine groundwater discharge", <1492:TASGCP>2.0.CO;2 "The Adriatic Sea General Circulation. That boundary became more consistently defined by Roman authors – early Greek sources place the boundary between the Adriatic and Ionian seas at various places ranging from adjacent to the Gulf of Venice to the southern tip of the Peloponnese, eastern shores of Sicily and western shores of Crete. L'Italie et la Yougoslavie se sont accordées sur leurs limites maritimes en 1975 et ces frontières entre l'ouest et l'est sont reconnues après 1992 par les états issus de la dislocation de la Yougoslavie : la Slovénie, la Croatie, la Bosnie-Herzégovine, le Monténégro. In 568 AD the Lombards invaded northern Italy, and over the course of the next century or so the importance of the Exarchate declined as the territory under Lombard control expanded and as the Byzantine outpost of Venice became increasingly independent. [289] In January 2012, INA commenced prospecting for oil off Dubrovnik, marking the resumption of oil exploration along the eastern Adriatic coast after surveys commenced in the late 1980s around the island of Brač were cancelled because of Yugoslavia's breakup and war in Croatia. The distinct seasonal temperature variations, with a longitudinal gradient in the Northern and transversal gradient in the Middle and Southern Adriatic,[50] are attributed to the continental characteristics of the Adriatic Sea: it is shallower and closer to land than are oceans. [84][85], There are alternations of maritime and alluvial sediments occurring in the Po Valley, at the Adriatic's north-west coast, and as far west as Piacenza, dating to the Pleistocene as the sea advanced and receded over the valley. Elle mesure 800 kilomètres du Nord au Sud et 220 kilomètres dans sa plus grande largeur. [70] An unbroken zone of increased seismic activity borders the Adriatic Sea, with a belt of thrust faults generally oriented in the northeast–southwest direction on the east coast and the northeast–southwest normal faults in the Apennines, indicating an Adriatic counterclockwise rotation. [185] In the 13th century, Venice established itself as a leading maritime nation. The Adriatic's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean's because the Adriatic collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean, acting as a dilution basin. Croatian marine aquaculture production consisted of tuna (47.2%), oysters and mussels (28.2% combined) and bass and bream (24.6% combined). Organisation hydrographique internationale. La mer Adriatique (du latin : Mare Hadriaticum ou Mare Adriaticum) est une mer séparant la péninsule italienne de la péninsule balkanique. Les ambitions de l'Italie fasciste l’entraînent à la conquête de l'Albanie en 1939 puis à la participation à l'invasion de la Yougoslavie, aux côtés de l'Allemagne nazie, lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. The origins of the name Adriatic are linked to the Etruscan settlement of Adria, which probably derives its name from the Illyrian adur meaning water or sea. The boundary agreed in 1968 extends 353 nautical miles (654 km; 406 mi) and consists of 43 points connected by straight lines or circular arc segments. All Years [234], The maritime boundary between Bosnia–Herzegovina and Croatia was formally settled in 1999, but a few issues are still in dispute—the Klek peninsula and two islets in the border area. [271][272][273][274] The largest seaport in Montenegro is the Port of Bar. [34], The normal tide levels are known to increase significantly in a conducive environment, leading to coastal flooding; this phenomenon is most famously known in Italy—especially Venice—as acqua alta. The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands, mostly located along the Croatian part of its eastern coast. [241] In addition, the maritime boundary between Albania and Montenegro was not defined before the 1990s. [158][160] Following the repression of the revolt the Roman province of Illyricum was split into Dalmatia and Pannonia. Last 300 years. The surface currents are chiefly influenced by the blowing winds, with currents spurred by north winds reaching a speed of four miles per hour. [17], The Adriatic Sea contains more than 1,300 islands and islets, most along the Adriatic's eastern coast—especially in Croatia, with 1,246 counted. The coast's ruggedness is exacerbated by the Dinaric Alps' proximity to the coast, in contrast to the opposite (Italian) coast where the Apennine Mountains are further away from the shoreline. La dissolution de la Sérénissime République, au traité de Campo-Formio (1797), entraîne une lutte pour l'hégémonie adriatique au cours des Guerres napoléoniennes. [194], In 1648, the Holy Roman Empire lost its claim on its former Italian lands, formally ending the Kingdom of Italy; however, its only outlet on the Adriatic Sea, the Duchy of Ferrara, was already lost to the Papal States. If you’re catching up with a French-speaking friend, old or new, you’ll probably want to ask them how they are, and vice versa. The volume of sediments carried from the eastern shore by the Rječina, Zrmanja, Krka, Cetina, Ombla, Dragonja, Mirna, Raša and Neretva rivers is negligible, because these sediments are mostly deposited at the river mouths. [123][125] It includes a 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long cliff, the northernmost Mediterranean salt field and the only Slovenian lagoon system. Veneto is followed by the Emilia-Romagna region and by the Adriatic Croatian counties. In May 2003, then-Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi inaugurated the MOSE project (Italian: Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico), an experimental model for evaluating the performance of inflatable gates. It is estimated that some karst formations are from earlier sea level drops, most notably the Messinian salinity crisis. It is about 500 miles (800 km) long with an average width of 100 miles, a maximum depth of 4,035 feet (1,324 metres), and an area of 50,590 sq mi (131,050 sq km). [224] After the fall of communism, Yugoslavia broke apart: Slovenia and Croatia declared independence in 1991,[225] and Bosnia–Herzegovina followed in 1992,[226] while Montenegro remained in a federation with Serbia, officially called Serbia and Montenegro. [118] The Kornati national park was established in 1980; it covers approximately 220 square kilometres (85 sq mi), including 89 islands and islets. Further on to the south, the sea floor rises to 780 metres (2,560 ft) to form the Otranto Sill at the boundary to the Ionian Sea. Holcer D.. Fortuna M.C.. Mackelworth C. P.. 2014. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCarstensSanford2011 (. During the campaign, the Royal Navy occupied Vis and established its base there in Port St. [130] The Debeli Rtič natural monument covers 24 hectares (59 acres),[131] the Cape Madona natural monument covers 12 hectares (30 acres),[132] and the Lakes in Fiesa natural monument, with the coastal lake as the only brackish lake in Slovenia,[133] covers 2.1 hectares (5.2 acres). [92][93], The Adriatic Sea is a unique water body in respect of its overall biogeochemical physiognomy. [246] In 2006, the total Croatian fisheries production volume was 37,800 tonnes (37,200 long tons) of catch and 14,200 tonnes (14,000 long tons) from marine aquaculture. Where low and sandy shores are found, the nearby sea is shallow, as in the vicinity of Venice or, farther south, near the delta of the Italian Po River. There are dozens of marine protected areas in the Adriatic, designed to protect the sea's karst habitats and biodiversity. [125][126] In 1993, the area was designated a Ramsar site;[123] it is also a site of international importance for waterbird species. 8), p. 121-142. https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mer_Adriatique&oldid=174722805, Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata, Article contenant un appel à traduction en allemand, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Such tides can exceed normal levels by more than 140 centimetres (55 in),[35] with the highest tide level of 194 centimetres (76 in) observed on 4 November 1966. [31] The tidal movement is normally slight, usually remaining below 30 centimetres (12 in). [243][244][245] Aside from the EU membership difficulty, even before its settling the dispute has caused no major practical problems. The Croatia–Montenegro maritime boundary is disputed in the Bay of Kotor, at the Prevlaka peninsula. [256] In 2007, the fisheries production in Bosnia–Herzegovina reached volume of 9,625 tonnes (9,473 long tons) and 2,463 tonnes (2,424 long tons) in Slovenia. Avec la christianisation des Slaves, une ligne de partage s'établit entre l'Église catholique de langue latine, liée aux Carolingiens et à la papauté de Rome, et l'Église orthodoxe de rite grec, dépendant du patriarcat de Constantinople. Les mouvements de la plaque contribuèrent à la formation des Apennins. [112] The Isole Tremiti reserve has been protected since 1989, while the Tremiti islands themselves are part of the Gargano National Park.