Other important Moroccan authors include, Abdellatif Laabi, Abdelkrim Ghallab, Fouad Laroui, Mohammed Berrada and Leila Abouzeid. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. He announced that investment in science and technology would rise from US$620,000 in 2008 to US$8.5 million (69 million Moroccan dirhams) in 2009, in order to finance the refurbishment and construction of laboratories, training courses for researchers in financial management, a scholarship programme for postgraduate research and incentive measures for companies prepared to finance research, such as giving them access to scientific results that they could then use to develop new products. Kickboxing is also popular in Morocco. Polisario claimed to have killed more than 5,000 Moroccan soldiers between 1982 and 1985. [24] The modern Berber name for Marrakesh is Mṛṛakc (in the Berber Latin script). Mauretania became a client kingdom of the Roman Empire in 33 BC. [131] A sizeable portion of the population is identified as Haratin and Gnawa (or Gnaoua), West African or mixed race descendants of slaves, and Moriscos, European Muslims expelled from Spain and Portugal in the 17th century. Most of the southeast portion of the country is in the Sahara Desert and as such is generally sparsely populated and unproductive economically. The Complete Book of Rugby (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997, Franco-Cantabrian refuge area of southwestern Europe, Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets, opposition assumed power following an election, dispute with Spain in 2002 over the small island of Perejil, Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs, expected to be severely impacted by climate change, l'Institut National des Postes et Télécommunication (INPT), "Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco, I-1", "Morocco Population, 1960-2019 - knoema.com", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean", Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history, "Saami and Berbers—An Unexpected Mitochondrial DNA Link", "The Maghrib under the Almoravids and the Almohads", "Joint Statement by the United States of America and the Kingdom of Morocco", "Milestones of American Diplomacy, Interesting Historical Notes, and Department of State History", "The French Conquest Of Morocco: The Real Meaning Of The International Trouble", Morocco tackles painful role in Spain's past, Morocco: Date of the abolishment of slavery in Morocco; whether descendants of ex-slaves are singled out in any way; and fate of the Palace household and grounds staff when King Mohamed V was in exile, "POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014", "English country names and code elements", "MOROCCO: Ranked second worldwide in climate change control", Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania, "Barbary macaques exploited as photo-props in Marrakesh's punishment square", "Potential benefits of impending Moroccan wildlife trade laws, a case study in carnivore skins", "Open, Unregulated Trade in Wildlife in Morocco's Markets", "Conservation in an ever-globalizing world: wildlife trade in, from, and through Morocco, a gateway to Europe", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material", "Democracy index 2014: Democracy and its discontents", "Democracy Index 2017: Free speech under attack", King declares Morocco a constitutional monarchy, "Encyclopedia of the Nations: Morocco Foreign Policy", "GCC Countries Invest Heavily in Morocco", "Morocco to rejoin African Union despite Western Sahara dispute", "06RABAT557, SPANISH AMBASSADOR ON WESTERN SAHARA, MIGRATION", "Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara", International Center for Transitional Justice, "Morocco's Truth Commission: Honoring Past Victims during an Uncertain Present: V. Constraints on the ERC", "afrol News – Western Sahara activists released, re-arrested in riots", "Morocco/Western Sahara: Sahrawi human rights defender on trial", "Refworld | Morocco: The treatment of homosexuals, including protection offered by the state and the attitude of the population", "Laws on Homosexuality in African Nations", "Une famille française arrêtée pour prosélytisme à Marrakech", "Morocco criminalises violence against women and sexual harassment", "Moroccans trapped in Spain for 2 months due to coronavirus head home at last", Morocco major economic player in Africa, researcher, "IMF Gives Morocco Positive Review. Since Morocco controls most of Western Sahara, its de facto southern boundary is with Mauritania. Morocco's capital city is Rabat; its largest city is its main port, Casablanca. Par. The Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship, signed in 1786, stands as the U.S.'s oldest non-broken friendship treaty.[44][45]. Moroccan forces occupied the territory.[39]. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. In the 15th century, the Reconquista ended Muslim rule in Iberia and many Muslims and Jews fled to Morocco.[39]. Some of them are descendants of colonial settlers, who primarily work for European multinational companies, while others are married to Moroccans or are retirees. Art and music festivals take place throughout the country during the summer months, among them the World Sacred Music Festival at Fès. In 1631, Morocco was reunited by the Alaouite dynasty, who have been the ruling house of Morocco ever since. ", "Morocco: From Emigration Country to Africa's Migration Passage to Europe", "Survey Shows Faith in Decline in Morocco, in the Arab World", "Refworld – Morocco: General situation of Muslims who converted to Christianity, and specifically those who converted to Catholicism; their treatment by Islamists and the authorities, including state protection (2008–2011)", "International Religious Freedom Report for 2011 – Morocco", "Christian Converts in Morocco Fear Fatwa Calling for Their Execution", "Christians want marriages recognized in Morocco", "Pope Francis' Visit to Morocco Raises Hopes for Its Christians", Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc, "Enseñanza y uso de la lengua española en el Sáhara Occidental", http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Embajadas/RABAT/es/Noticias/Documents/LENGESPMARR.pdf, "Desert Blooms: The Contemporary Architecture of Morocco - Architizer Journal", "Modern Morocco: Building a New Vernacular", "Morocco to stage the 2015 African Nations Cup – ESPN Soccernet", "Africa Cup of Nations: Morocco will not host finals over Ebola fears", Baisse du taux d'analphabétisme au Maroc à 28%, "2006 UNESCO Literacy Prize winners announced", "CCIS Ifrane Morocco Summer Study Abroad Program", Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, "Health financing and insurance reform in Morocco", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)", "Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births)", "WHO | Morocco takes a stride forward for mothers and children", "Current health expenditure (% of GDP) | Data", "Current health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $) | Data", "Morocco | The Global Youth Wellbeing Index", Official website of the government of Morocco, Official bulletins of the government of Morocco, Official website of the Moroccan National Tourist Office, World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Morocco, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Union of Arab National Olympic Committees, Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morocco&oldid=1016013008, States and territories established in 1956, Arabic-speaking countries and territories, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2013, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Standard Moroccan Tamazight-language text, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 April 2021, at 22:32. Morocco participated in the 1980 Eurovision Song Contest, where it finished in the penultimate position. It brought both the Arabic language and Islam to the area. Maroc. )[19] The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Le président de la Confédération nationale du tourisme (CNT), Abdellatif Kabbaj, a été élu, vendredi soir à Dakhla, personnalité du secteur touristique au titre de 2021, lors d'une cérémonie organisée par le média online spécialisé "Tourismo Post". In 2015, the Moroccan health expenditure was $435.29 per capita. Interest groups that formed among these elements continually pressured France to increase its control over Morocco – a control which was also made necessary by the continuous wars among Moroccan tribes, part of which had taken sides with the French since the beginning of the conquest. Today, Morocco occupies two thirds of the territory, and efforts to resolve the dispute have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Mehdi Laraki a été réélu président du Réseau Entreprendre Maroc pour un deuxième mandat à l’issue de l’Assemblée Générale Ordinaire de cette organisation œuvrant pour l’utilité publique. According to the 2004 census, 2.19 million Moroccans spoke a foreign language other than French. Le Maroc participe pour la première fois au Salon Saudi Agriculture qui se tiendra à Riyad, du 15 au 18... 27 mai 201927 mai 2019. In 2014, Morocco began the construction of the first high-speed railway system in Africa linking the cities of Tangiers and Casablanca. Those writers were an important influence the many Moroccan novelists, poets and playwrights that were still to come. For 2012 the World Bank forecast a rate of 4% growth for Morocco and 4.2% for following year, 2013.[102]. The Rif mountains stretch over the region bordering the Mediterranean from the north-west to the north-east. La région en tant que subdivision administrative. Fighting between the Moroccan military and Polisario forces continued for many years. French is taught as an obligatory language in all schools. [15] Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 (274,460 sq mi) and has a population of over 37 million. The latest parliamentary elections were held on October 12, 2016. It is a base for tours to the Atlas Mountains. [59], Morocco is represented in the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 geographical encoding standard by the symbol MA. ^ The area 446,550 km 2 (172,410 sq mi) excludes all disputed territories, while 710,850 km 2 (274,460 sq mi) includes the Moroccan-claimed and … During the 2011–2012 Moroccan protests, thousands of people rallied in Rabat and other cities calling for political reform and a new constitution curbing the powers of the king. [152] In 2008, Frédéric Deroche estimated that there were 12 million Berber speakers, making up about 40% of the population. [124][126], On 20 May 2015, less than a year after its inception, the Higher Council for Education, Training and Scientific Research presented a report to the king offering a Vision for Education in Morocco 2015–2030. Other resorts in north Morocco are also very popular. The most popular drink is "atai", green tea with mint leaves and other ingredients. Le Maroc n’a pas réagi aux déclarations du président de la république. Nous vous remercions pour l’intérêt que vous portez à notre lettre d’informations. Morocco is a developing country that has made many strides to improve these categories. France allowed Mohammed V to return in 1955, and the negotiations that led to Moroccan independence began the following year. [156] A significant portion of northern Morocco receives Spanish media, television signal and radio airwaves, which reportedly facilitate competence in the language in the region. [91] There are also persistent allegations of violence against both Sahrawi pro-independence and pro-Polisario demonstrators[92] in Western Sahara; a disputed territory which is occupied by and considered by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. [14] The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca. [93], Homosexual acts as well as pre-marital sex are illegal in Morocco, and can be punishable by six months to three years of imprisonment. ^Official religion. [134] Also prior to independence, Morocco was home to 250,000 Spaniards. [34] The first independent Muslim state in the area of modern Morocco was the Kingdom of Nekor, an emirate in the Rif Mountains. Bread in Morocco is principally from durum wheat semolina known as khobz. Part of the territory, the Free Zone, is a mostly uninhabited area that the Polisario Front controls as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. In 2001, the first International Film Festival of Marrakech (FIFM) was also held in Marrakech. Vaccin d’AstraZeneca : les avantages l’emportent largement sur les… 6 Avr 2021 22:39 The Almohad Caliph Abu Yakub had a great love for collecting books. Spanish troops had taken the normally uninhabited island after Moroccan soldiers landed on it and set up tents and a flag. The most common is whole grain coarse ground or white flour bread. Morocco is a member of the United Nations and belongs to the African Union (AU), Arab League, Arab Maghreb Union (UMA), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Non-Aligned Movement and the Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN_SAD). However, health expenditure per capita (PPP) has steadily increased since 2000. Moulay El Hassan du Maroc sur Paris Match ! The Majorelle botanical garden in Marrakech is a popular tourist attraction. To meet the growing domestic demand, the Moroccan government invested more than $15 billion from 2010 to 2015 in upgrading its basic infrastructure.[113]. Political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature in 1997 and Morocco's first opposition-led government came to power in 1998. [141], Christians are estimated at 1% (~380,000) of the Moroccan population. Morocco was facing aggression from Spain and the Ottoman Empire allies pressing westward. There have been substantial improvements in access to water supply, and to a lesser extent to sanitation, over the past fifteen years. There are also large Moroccan communities in Spain (about 700,000 Moroccans),[137] the Netherlands (360,000), and Belgium (300,000). The most recognizably "Moroccan" architecture, however, is the traditional architecture that developed in the Islamic period (7th century and after) which dominates much of Morocco's documented history and its existing heritage. Morocco has a coast by the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. In 2011, the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and New Technologies created a Moroccan Club of Innovation, in partnership with the Moroccan Office of Industrial and Commercial Property. While spices have been imported to Morocco for thousands of years, many ingredients such as saffron from Tiliouine, mint and olives from Meknes, and oranges and lemons from Fez, are home-grown. Approximately 5% of Moroccan land is irrigated for agricultural use. Bakeries are very common throughout Morocco and fresh bread is a staple in every city, town and village. Morocco has been accused of detaining Sahrawi pro-independence activists as prisoners of conscience. These locations have excellent walking and trekking opportunities from late March to mid-November. Si au Maroc, le Roi Mohammed VI a voulu faire du sport un « levier fort de développement humain, d’inclusion, de cohésion sociale », le Président Macron a placé le sport comme « un levier pour la jeunesse et le développement économique et social en Afrique » lors du … In 1984, Morocco left the Organisation of African Unity in protest at the SADR's admission to the body. At 446,550 km2 (172,414 sq mi), Morocco excluding Western Sahara is the fifty-seventh largest country in the world. [199] Moroccan youths experience a lower self-harm rate than the global index by an average of 4 encounters per year.[199]. With the 2011 constitutional reforms, the King of Morocco retains less executive powers whereas those of the prime minister have been enlarged.[77][78]. In 1968, the first Mediterranean Film Festival was held in Tangier. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south. [98], As of 24 May 2020, hundreds of Moroccan migrant workers are trapped in Spain. A truth commission set up in 2005 to investigate human rights abuses during his reign confirmed nearly 10,000 cases, ranging from death in detention to forced exile. [64], The Barbary lion, hunted to extinction in the wild, was a subspecies native to Morocco and is a national emblem. In 2005 a National Sanitation Program was approved that aims at treating 60% of collected wastewater and connecting 80% of urban households to sewers by 2020. [151], French is widely used in governmental institutions, media, mid-size and large companies, international commerce with French-speaking countries, and often in international diplomacy. Mass education in hygiene is implemented in primary education schools which are free for residents of Morocco. Cloud forests can be found in the west of the Rif Mountains and Middle Atlas Mountains. France's exile of Sultan Mohammed V in 1953 to Madagascar and his replacement by the unpopular Mohammed Ben Aarafa sparked active opposition to the French and Spanish protectorates. The Assembly of Representatives of Morocco (Majlis an-Nuwwâb/Assemblée des Répresentants) has 325 members elected for a five-year term, 295 elected in multi-seat constituencies and 30 in national lists consisting only of women. [68][69] This trade is unregulated and causing unknown reductions of wild populations of native Moroccan wildlife. The Moroccan Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics, and Water aims to build an additional 3380 kilometers of expressway and 2100 kilometers of highway by 2030, at an expected cost of $9.6 billion. [123], The Moroccan Innovation Strategy was launched at the country's first National Innovation Summit in June 2009 by the Ministry of Industry, Commerce, Investment and the Digital Economy. [198] In 2017, Morocco ranked 16th out of 29 countries on the Global Youth Wellbeing Index. Voter turnout in these elections was estimated to be 43% of registered voters. [50] The institution of slavery was abolished in 1925.[51]. Portail de la Chambre des Représentants du Royaume du Maroc, composée de 395 députés, élus au suffrage universel direct. Maroc : Visite de travail du Président Idrissa Seck. Adding Western Sahara, Morocco lies mostly between 21° and 36°N, and 1° and 17°W (the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula is slightly south of 21° and west of 17°). Front pour la défense des institutions constitutionnelles, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chef_du_gouvernement_du_Maroc&oldid=181401233, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. [185] As a result, Moroccan rugby was tied to the fortunes of France, during the first and second World War, with many Moroccan players going away to fight. The only time this happened was in 1965. From the total foreign investments in Morocco, the European Union invests approximately 73.5%, whereas, the Arab world invests only 19.3%. Morocco is relatively inexpensive because of the devaluation of the dirham and the increase of hotel prices in Spain. [132], According to the 2014 Morocco population census, there were around 84,000 immigrants in the country. [80] France and Spain remain the primary trade partners, as well as the primary creditors and foreign investors in Morocco. The lower chamber of Parliament may dissolve the government through a vote of no confidence. Sultan Mohammed became king in 1957. Agadir, Essaouira, El Jadida, and Larache are among the important fishing harbors. According to data from the World Bank,[193] the present mortality rate is still very high, over seven times higher than in neighboring country Spain. Trade of animals and plants for food, pets, medicinal purposes, souvenirs and photo props is common across Morocco, despite laws making much of it illegal. • Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l'article intitulé « Chef du gouvernement du Royaume du Maroc » (voir la liste des auteurs). In 1986, Morocco became the first Arab and African country to qualify for the second round of the FIFA World Cup. M. El Hadj Ahmed BALAFREJ. Livestock are raised and forests yield cork, cabinet wood, and building materials. [2] The predominantly Roman Catholic and Protestant foreign-resident Christian community consists of approximately 40,000 practising members. Elle s’exprime au nom de ses 33 000 membres directs et affiliés et veille à assurer un environnement économique favorable pour le développement des entreprises. [186] In September 2006, UNESCO awarded Morocco amongst other countries such as Cuba, Pakistan, India and Turkey the "UNESCO 2006 Literacy Prize".[187]. "Kahena, Queen of the Berbers: A Sketch of the Arab Invasion of Ifriqiya in the First Century of the Hijra". The following decade saw much wrangling over a proposed referendum on the future of the territory but the deadlock was not broken. Morocco also produces a significant amount of illicit hashish, much of which is shipped to Western Europe. In the 13th and 14th centuries the Merinids held power in Morocco and strove to replicate the successes of the Almohads through military campaigns in Algeria and Spain. The King is formally the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. [32] This ancient kingdom (not to be confused with the modern state of Mauritania) flourished around 225 BC or earlier. In Turkish, Morocco is known as Fas, a name derived from its ancient capital of Fes. Each region possesses its own specificities, thus contributing to the national culture and to the legacy of civilization. Although the latter is a soup, it is considered as a dish in itself and is served as such or with dates especially during the month of Ramadan. Le président compte visiblement sur la remontée en puissance de son conseiller au sein du groupe pour un retour – et un maintien dans la durée – des bénéfices. That makes Morocco a country of contrasts. The direct exposure to the North Atlantic Ocean, the proximity to mainland Europe and the long stretched Rif and Atlas mountains are the factors of the rather European-like climate in the northern half of the country. Le 28 juin 1973, à l'âge de 9 ans, il obtient le certificat détudes primaires et poursuit ses études secondaires au Collège royal où il obtient son baccalauréat marocain en 1981. It is one of only three nations (along with Spain and France) to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. However, Morocco still has many health issues to improve on. As of the 2019 Climate Change Performance Index, Morocco was ranked second in preparedness behind Sweden. Morocco has set among its top priorities the protection of its diverse legacy and the preservation of its cultural heritage. [114], In 2008, about 56% of Morocco's electricity supply was provided by coal. Other cities recording a population over 500,000 in the 2014 Moroccan census are Fes, Marrakesh, Meknes, Salé and Tangier. [61], Morocco has a wide range of biodiversity. [124], Morocco has a population of around 36,029,093 inhabitants (2018 est.). The English name "Morocco" is an anglicisation of the Spanish name for the country, "Marruecos". Since improving the quality of education goes hand in hand with promoting research and development, the report also recommended developing an integrated national innovation system which would be financed by gradually increasing the share of GDP devoted to research and development (R&D) from 0.73% of GDP in 2010 ‘to 1% in the short term, 1.5% by 2025 and 2% by 2030’. The reign of Ahmad al-Mansur brought new wealth and prestige to the Sultanate, and a large expedition to West Africa inflicted a crushing defeat on the Songhay Empire in 1591. In 1975, after Spain agreed to decolonise the territory and cede its control to Morocco and Mauritania, a guerrilla war broke out between those powers and some of the local inhabitants. [193] The country's under-five mortality rate dropped by 60% between 1990 and 2011. La Constitution de 2011 donne au Premier ministre le titre de « chef du gouvernement » et lui octroie des pouvoirs relativement renforcés. Southeast of the Atlas mountains, near the Algerian borders, the climate becomes very dry, with long and hot summers. Spanish territory in Northwest Africa neighbouring Morocco comprises five enclaves on the Mediterranean coast: Ceuta, Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Peñón de Alhucemas, the Chafarinas islands, and the disputed islet Perejil. However, the Festival's musicians did not play the Moroccan national anthem, as no one in attendance knew what it was. The Idrissids were ousted in 927 by the Fatimid Caliphate and their Miknasa allies. They are also developing desert tourism in competition with Tunisia. M. M’barek Lahbil EL BEKKAI. [citation needed], Culturally speaking, Morocco has always been successful in combining its Berber, Jewish and Arabic cultural heritage with external influences such as the French and the Spanish and, during the last decades, the Anglo-American lifestyles.[160][161][162].