In his commencement address, Donen stated that he thought he was unique in being the first tap dancer to be a doctor and then tap danced for the graduates. 7 janv. Donald O'Connor won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy and Comden and Green once again won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Musical. Before Donen and Kelly made their films, musicals – such as the extravagant and stylized work of Busby Berkeley – were often set in a Broadway stage environment where the musical numbers were part of a stage show. I think it's a very good movie. [2] Donen signed a one-year contract with Columbia[4]:65 and choreographed several films there,[8]:242:247 but returned to MGM the following year when Kelly wanted assistance on his next film. [5]:180, In the late 1950s, Donen signed a non-exclusive, three-film deal with Columbia Pictures. "[5]:34, On the Town starred Kelly, Frank Sinatra and Jules Munshin as three sailors on a 24-hour shore leave in New York whose romantic pursuits lead them to Ann Miller, Betty Garrett and Vera-Ellen. [2], Inspired by Astaire, Donen took dance lessons in Columbia[2] and performed at the local Town Theater. The film was a financial and critical success,[5]:131 and Donen was compared to such directors as Ernst Lubitsch and George Cukor. Donen's musical Give a Girl a Break (1953) stars Debbie Reynolds, Marge Champion and Helen Wood as three aspiring dancers competing for the lead in a new Broadway musical. Bob Fosse, Gower Champion and Kurt Kasznar also appear, with music by Burton Lane and Ira Gershwin. French film critic Jean-Pierre Coursodon has said that Donen's contribution to the evolution of the Hollywood musical "outshines anybody else's, including Vincente Minnelli's". They had a lengthy custody battle over their sons after Marshall married Wagner and Donen moved to England. Donen proposed to her four days after having met her. Il se fâche avec Stanley Donen après le tournage de Beau fixe sur New York, mettant fin à une relation professionnelle et une amitié vieille de plus de vingt ans. Donen had wanted to make a theatrical film version of the play, but was unable to secure financing from any major studio and instead took the project to ABC. "[4]:308 It is also the film that Donen said he was most frequently asked about by film students. 2021 - Découvrez le tableau "Photos rares" de Lauren H sur Pinterest. [4]:274 Musicals' waning popularity caused Donen to focus on comedy films. "[5]:26 Kelly believed that he and Donen "were a good team. After On the Town, Donen worked as a contract director for MGM under producer Arthur Freed producing critically well-received box-office hits. Among Donen's admirers are film directors Woody Allen,[32] Pedro Almodóvar,[33] Lindsay Anderson,[4]:317 Charlie Chaplin,[4]:169 Damien Chazelle,[34] Jules Dassin,[4]:165 Guillermo Del Toro[35] William Friedkin,[36] Jean-Luc Godard,[4]:259 Stanley Kubrick,[4]:316 Christopher McQuarrie,[37] Karel Reisz,[4]:55 Martin Scorsese,[38] Steven Spielberg,[37] François Truffaut,[4]:317 and Edgar Wright. Raitt plays a plant supervisor at a nightwear factory who is in constant disputes with the plant's union organizer (Day), until they end up falling in love. Because every time Stanley looked at Jeannie, he saw Betsy, whom he loved; and every time Jeannie looked at Stanley, I guess she saw me. Their relationship was complicated, both professionally and personally, but Donen's films as a solo director are generally better regarded by critics than Kelly's. Lyricist Alan Jay Lerner and composer Frederick Loewe wrote the music and screenplay and filming was done on location in Tunisia. [4]:191–192, David Thomson dismisses most of his later comedy films, but praises him for leading "the musical in a triumphant and personal direction: out of doors ... Not even Minnelli can rival the fresh-air excitement of such sequences. [13], Next, Donen made Love Is Better Than Ever, which was not released until March 1952. [28] In 2002 Donen directed Elaine May's musical play Adult Entertainment starring Danny Aiello and Jeannie Berlin in Stamford, Connecticut. Scorsese gave tribute to Donen speaking about his career and his impact on film before playing a montage of his work in the movies from Singin' in the Rain, and Funny Face, to On the Town and Charade. The boys' first names put together provided the name for Cary Grant's character in the 1963 movie Charade. [4]:106, However, actress Kathleen Freeman stated that when people visited the set of Singin' in the Rain to relate their experiences during the silent era, they would ask to speak with Kelly. In addition to May, he is survived by two sons and a sister. Les rencontres arrangées donnent rarement lieu à des romances flamboyantes. [2][4]:263 Now free from contractual obligations, he formed Grandon Productions with Grant and signed a distribution deal through Warner Brothers. [2] The film was a hit[4]:310 and was especially popular among American college students. [5]:76 Its success was a surprise to MGM, which invested more money in two other musicals: Rose Marie and Brigadoon, starring Kelly. Fred Astaire et Gene Kelly sont mes partenaires. [4]:70–71 The duo spent two months shooting Kelly dancing and Donen spent a year perfecting the scene frame by frame. [58] In his final years he occasionally appeared at film festivals and retrospectives[59][60][61] and continued to develop ideas for film projects. [5]:185 Bosley Crowther called the film "just another version of commercial American trash. Walston plays the Brooks Brothers-attired Devil who grants the fan his wish and transforms him into the muscular young hitter Joe Hardy (Hunter). Donen eventually dropped out of the project and David Cronenberg directed the film a few years later. [45]:253 In November 2012 the musical What A Glorious Feeling depicted both the making of Singin' in the Rain and the love triangle between Donen, Kelly and Coyne. "[5]:191 It was remade as Bedazzled (2000) by director Harold Ramis. Judy Garland was originally cast in the lead role, but was fired for absenteeism due to illness and replaced by Powell. Le 18 avril 1956 il organise le mariage du prince Rainier III de Monaco et de l'actrice américaine Grace Kelly. [4]:336–337 In 1989 Donen was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from the University of South Carolina. His other films include Royal Wedding (1951), Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954), Funny Face (1957), Indiscreet (1958), and Charade (1963). "[5]:221 Donen credited producer Freed as the driving force behind the transition, adding that Freed "had some sort of instinct to change the musical from a backstage world into something else. Cary Grant and Deborah Kerr play the earl and countess of a large estate in England who are forced to permit guided tours of their mansion in order to help their financial problems. Perhaps the finest single example of the application of camera know-how to a dance moment in Donen-Kelly canon. Starring José Ferrer, the film included cameos by many MGM contract actors, including the only screen pairing of Gene Kelly and his brother Fred. [62] He was the subject of the 2010 documentary Stanley Donen: You Just Do It. [4]:131–132[4]:184, Donen's relationship with Gene Kelly was complicated and he often spoke bitterly about his former friend and mentor decades after they worked together. He observed that his "London base afforded me the advantage of being away from the Hollywood rat race. His film output became less frequent in the early 1980s and he briefly returned to the stage as a director in the 1990s and again in 2002. Gene Kelly parlait bien français[22] mais en raison de son accent il fut doublé par. These films established the backstage musical, a subgenre in which the plot revolves around a stage show and the people involved in putting it on. [4]:97[45]:91 She and Donen eloped in 1948,[45]:188 but their marriage became strained. En outre, Chantons sous la pluie et Un Américain à Paris sont respectivement classées 1re et 9e plus grandes comédies musicales du cinéma par l'American Film Institute[2]. Bien que monté sur scène dès l'âge de huit ans pour des spectacles amateurs, Gene Kelly préfère le sport et souhaite faire partie de l'équipe de baseball des Pittsburgh Pirates. [3] In 1998, Film director Martin Scorsese presented Donen with the Honorary Academy Award at the 70th Academy Awards. "[9], Donen's eldest son, Peter Donen, was a visual effects artist who worked on such films as Superman III, Spaceballs, The Bourne Identity, and The Truth About Charlie. Eventually a deal was reached that both released Donen from his MGM contract and allowed him to make his next two films at Paramount and Warner Brothers respectively. [15]:187 Initially the film received only moderate reviews from critics such as Bosley Crowther[4]:141[15]:183 and did not begin to receive widespread acclaim until the late 1960s. Playboy n’a pas été le premier à diffuser des femmes nues dans ses pages. [2], Kelly was at the height of his fame after the release of An American in Paris (1951). The film is loosely based on Astaire's real-life career with his sister and early dancing partner, Adele Astaire, who retired after marrying an English lord in 1932 and includes one of Astaire's best remembered dance sequences, the "You're All the World to Me" number where he appears to defy gravity by dancing first on the walls and then on the ceiling. The second film is Baxter's Beauties of 1933, a tribute to the extravagant musicals of Busby Berkeley. Gene and I didn't go that far. [4]:333–334 At around the same time Donen taught a seminar on film musicals at the Sundance Institute at the request of Robert Redford. [4]:58 Donen came up with the idea for the "Alter Ego" dance sequence where Kelly's reflection jumps out of a shop window and dances with him. Originally envisioned as a sequel to On the Town, Kelly, Dailey and Kidd play three ex-GIs who reunite 10 years after World War II and discover that none of their lives have turned out how they had expected. He again co-directed with Abbott in the same hands-off collaboration as their first film. Bergman plays a famous and reclusive actress who falls in love with the supposedly married playboy-diplomat Grant. [4]:39–40 Donen appeared as a chorus dancer and was made assistant choreographer by Charles Walters. [15]:2 He hired Comden and Green to write a script, with Donen and Kelly involved from the early development stages. [4]:276 Donen's fourth wife was American actress Yvette Mimieux. [4]:277–278, Grandon Productions produced Donen's next film: The Grass Is Greener, released through Universal Pictures in December 1960. Mais c’était le premier à vendre à ses clients plus que seulement la nudité. "[4]:247 It was only a modest financial success,[2] but Jean-Luc Godard praised it and declared "Donen is surely the master of the movie musical. Duke Ellington nous accompagne au piano. Although it received mediocre reviews, Romberg's status helped make the film a hit. I needed someone to count for the cameraman, someone who knew the steps and could explain what I was going to do so the shot was set up correctly. It was produced by Freed, written by Comden and Green and the score was by André Previn. Kelly was never explicitly negative about Donen in later years. These techniques included spatial jump cuts, 360-degree pans, hidden cameras, abrupt changes of screen direction and non-professional actors. Kelly and Donen had hoped to co-direct the film, but Freed hired Busby Berkeley instead and they only directed Kelly's dance numbers. Donen's last film was the television movie Love Letters, which aired on ABC in April 1999. Il tourne ensuite Attaque au Cheyenne Club (1970) avec James Stewart et Henry Fonda et Hollywood, Hollywood (1976). [2] The film was shot in Paris for tax purposes and was not a financial success. [15]:207 Donen stated that "by the time you hash it through from beginning to end ten million times, you can't remember who did what except in a few instances where you remember getting an idea. Il réalise chez MGM, sous la houlette du producteur Arthur Freed, Un jour à New York, et Chantons sous la pluie (Singin' in the rain) en 1952, devenu l'icône du genre. The film was shot in the new CinemaScope format and is remembered for its dance sequences, particularly the "barn raising scene" in which architecture and construction become acrobatic ballet steps. [5]:18 They then began work on an original story about two baseball players in the early 20th century who spend their off-season as vaudevillian song and dance men. [63], In December 2013 it was announced that Donen was in pre-production for a new film co-written with Elaine May, to be produced by Mike Nichols. [4]:4–6 His younger sister Carla Donen Davis was born in August 1937. Il épouse en deuxièmes noces Jeannie Coyne, dont il a deux enfants, Thimothy et Bridget. Environ tous les dix ans, l'Amérique se toquait d'un nouveau tandem comique. In the scene, Grant is in Paris while Bergman is still in London and the two exchange pillow talk over the phone. The investigation leads Peck to one mystery after another, often involving the prime minister's mysterious mistress (Loren). Aujourd'hui, les trois séduisantes artistes sont devenues de respectables épouses. "[2], Donen is highly respected by film historians, but his career is often compared to Kelly's, and there is debate over who deserves more credit for their collaborations. This film would eventually become Take Me Out to the Ball Game (1949). A Abbott et Costello, les vedettes d'Universal, succédèrent, de 1946 à 1956, Jerry Lewis et Dean Martin, qui rapportèrent des sommes fabuleuses à la Paramount. Il pratique par ailleurs le hockey sur glace, la gymnastique, le football américain et la natation, autant de sports qui l'ont aidé à atteindre le niveau physique, la souplesse et l'aisance en danse qui le rendront célèbre. Kendall was terminally ill with leukemia during the shoot and died before its release. I also had the advantage of the European influence: their way of looking at life, of making movies. Il participe à des émissions de télévision pendant les années 1960, mais sa seule tentative de série télé, dans le rôle du père O'Malley dans Going My Way[17] (1962-1963) se solde par un échec, bien que cette série ait connu une grande popularité dans des pays catholiques hors des États-Unis. "[5]:26 Composer Saul Chaplin said that "Gene was the prime mover and Stanley an eager and talented pupil. He was personally asked by Cary Grant to direct and began developing it while still under contract at MGM. Jeannie meurt des suites d'un cancer en 1973. Il meurt des suites d'une série d'attaques cérébrales en 1996. Il inscrit son nom à plusieurs classiques du genre, tels que Le Pirate, Un Américain à Paris et Brigadoon de Vincente Minnelli, Un jour à New York et Chantons sous la pluie qu'il coréalise avec Stanley Donen, Les Girls de George Cukor ou encore Les Demoiselles de Rochefort de Jacques Demy. Loosely based on the life of fashion photographer Richard Avedon, who was also the visual consultant and designed the opening title sequence for the film, it was written by Leonard Gershe and included additional music by Gershe and Edens. [5]:7, In 1943 Arthur Freed, the successful producer of musical films at Metro Goldwyn Mayer, bought the film rights to Best Foot Forward and made a film version starring Lucille Ball and William Gaxton. Parce qu’à toutes les époques, cette grande soeur du Music-Hall illumine les périodes sombres et fait un pied de nez au climat ambiant, en dansant dans les flaques sous un parapluie, par tempête et grand vent, en attendant qu’il tourne. [2] Donen, Avedon and cinematographer Ray June collaborated to give the film an abstract, smokey look that resembled the fashion photography of the period despite protests by Paramount, which had recently invested in the sharp VistaVision film format. Rumors held that Kelly and Coyne were having an affair both during and after Coyne's marriage to Donen,[45]:137 as well as that Donen was in love with Kelly's first wife Betsy Blair. [4]:184 Shooting the film became a bitter experience for Donen due to a major on-set fight over the film's choreography between Fosse and Gower Champion. Donen said that he "must have seen the picture thirty or forty times. Donen used a split screen of the two stars with synchronized movements to make it appear as though they were in the same bed together. Caine and Bologna play wealthy executives on vacation with their families in Rio, where Caine has an affair with Bologna's teenage daughter (Johnson). [4]:277 His first film under this contract was Once More, with Feeling! Boam stated that Donen was initially attracted to making the film because he wanted to "connect with contemporary youthful audiences" and that the script that they worked on together was "very close to the script that David wound up making. Retrouvez les 14 critiques et avis pour le film Les Sept femmes de Barberousse, réalisé par Stanley Donen avec Jane Powell, Howard Keel, Jeff Richards. Il retrouve son éclat et sa popularité passés dans deux documentaires, That's entertainment Part I et II, à la fin des années 1970. [4]:8 To help cope with his isolation, he spent much of his youth in local movie theaters and was especially fond of Westerns, comedies and thrillers. "[2] Casper also said: "Today the film is regarded as a turning point: the first bona fide musical that moved dance, as well as the musical genre, out of the theater and captured it with and for film rather than on film; the first to make the city an important character; and the first to abandon the chorus. The film's fun-loving association with the Swinging London of the 1960s divided critics, but Roger Ebert called its satire "barbed and contemporary ... dry and understated", and overall, a "magnificently photographed, intelligent, very funny film. [48]:114–115, Kelly said that Donen's impulsive marriage to Coyne showed an emotional immaturity and lack of good judgment,[45]:194 and stated that "Jeannie's marriage to Stanley was doomed from the start. [2] The Little Prince (1974) stars Steven Warner in the title role, with Richard Kiley, Bob Fosse, Gene Wilder and Donna McKechnie. Senator who finds out that his long lost love (Linney) has recently died. Pour les uns, Charles Sebban, dit «Bébert», est une caricature du pied-noir. Gene Kelly épouse Betsy Blair en 1941, dont il a une fille, Kerry ; ils divorcent en 1957. [4]:323–324 His mother, Helen, died in 1989 at 84 in South Carolina, and Donen delivered the eulogy at her funeral. [2] Away from both studio interference and sound stage constrictions, Donen and cinematographer Harold Rosson shot a scene on the streets of New York City that pioneered many cinematic techniques that would be adopted by the French New Wave a decade later. Son rôle le plus marquant de cette partie de carrière est sans conteste Les Demoiselles de Rochefort de Jacques Demy en 1967, à la fois, un hommage et une innovation pour lui, puisque tourné en décors naturels et non en studio. [4]:197 Around this time Kelly's attempts at dramatic acting with The Devil Makes Three (1952) and Seagulls Over Sorrento (1954) also flopped, and his marriage to Betsy Blair was coming to an end. The two had only corresponded through mail over the years, and Weber remembers Linney through his collection of old love letters. Selznick n'ayant pas de film à lui faire tourner, la MGM rachète son contrat et Gene Kelly tourne Pour moi et ma mie en 1942 avec Judy Garland. When she returns with Adam to his log cabin in the Oregon backwoods, Milly discovers that her husband's six brothers are uncivilized and oafish. I was behind the camera in the dramatic and musical sequences. Singin' in the Rain got pulled from many theaters to showcase the earlier film, preventing it from making further profits. It starred George C. Scott, Trish Van Devere, Red Buttons, Michael Kidd and Eli Wallach and premiered in competition at the 29th Berlin International Film Festival in 1978. Donen's biographer Joseph A. Casper stated that the scene avoids being gratuitous or amateurish, while still "developing plot, describing the setting while conveying its galvanizing atmosphere and manic mood, introducing and delineating character. [15]:65 Donen and Kelly also made use of MGM's large collection of sets, props, costumes and outdated equipment from the 1920s. Oui mais voilà, le papa de Jennifer s'appelait Cary Grant et c'était un merveilleux acteur qui a entre autre donné la réplique à Audrey Hepburn et Grace Kelly. Silverman said film critics consider Donen's approach to be better suited for dance sequences. En 1932, la famille Kelly au complet monte un atelier de danse, The Gene Kelly Studio of the Dance, que Gene Kelly quitte en 1938 lorsqu'il fait ses débuts à Broadway dans la comédie musicale Leave It to Me[15]. Discography of American Historical Recordings. En 1944, après avoir tourné Escale à Hollywood sorti l'année suivante et bien qu'au faîte de sa carrière, Gene Kelly souhaite participer à l'effort de guerre et s'engage pour servir dans la division photographique de la Navy, jusqu'en 1946. His younger sister was actress Irene Dailey . Peter Joshua (Grant) befriends Reggie and helps her fight off the three thugs while the two begin to fall in love. Frederick II Comte de Bar et Lorraine. [4]:299, While living in England, Donen became an admirer of the British stage revue Beyond the Fringe and wished to work with two of the show's participants, Peter Cook and Dudley Moore. He became the show's assistant stage manager, and Kelly asked him to be his assistant choreographer. [2] Kelly approached Donen with the project and at first Donen was reluctant due to his own success. Dans son film suivant, Escale à Hollywood avec Frank Sinatra, Gene Kelly fait encore preuve d'innovation dans la chorégraphie qu'il met en place, notamment dans la scène où il danse avec Jerry la souris en dessin animé. Il est probablement, avec Fred Astaire, la personnalité masculine la plus marquante de la comédie musicale hollywoodienne des années 1950. He was the last surviving notable director of Hollywood's Golden Age..mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}, Stanley Donen was born on April 13, 1924, in Columbia, South Carolina, to Mordecai Moses Donen, a dress-shop manager, and Helen (Cohen), the daughter of a jewelry salesman. In 'Moses Supposes', he and Donald sort of talk themselves into a song. The film was an adaptation of the Betty Comden and Adolph Green Broadway musical about sailors on leave in New York City and was the first musical to feature location filming. Vendredi 8 mai, France 3 diffuse à 13h55 Un singe en hiver, le classique d'Henri Verneuil avec Jean Gabin et Jean-Paul Belmondo. Kelly's film Hello, Dolly! Donen's relationship with Kelly deteriorated during their final collaboration, It's Always Fair Weather (1955). Comden, Green and Donen interviewed everyone at MGM who was in Hollywood during that period,[15]:19 poking fun at both the first movie musicals and the technical difficulties with early sound films. En 1990, il épouse Patricia Ward qui lui survivra[20]. [4]:345, Donen married and divorced five times and had three children. His last project for MGM was completing the final four days of shooting on Kismet in July 1955 for director Vincente Minnelli. "[2] The film's complicated and non-linear story is about the 12-year relationship between Hepburn and Finney over the course of four separate (but interwoven) road trips that they take together throughout the years in the south of France. [4]:97 Donen's second wife was actress Marion Marshall, who had been the girlfriend and protégé of Howard Hawks and later married actor Robert Wagner. [4]:30–31 Eventually Donen was fired from Best Foot Forward,[4]:33 but in 1942 was the stage manager and assistant choreographer for Abbott's next show Beat the Band. [45]:202 Tensions between the two exploded on the set of It's Always Fair Weather. Funny Face (1957) contains four of the original George and Ira Gershwin songs from the otherwise unrelated 1927 Broadway musical of the same name that had starred Fred Astaire. [4]:148–150 This included characters loosely based on Freed and Berkeley[4]:162 and a scene that references silent film star John Gilbert. She makes it her mission to domesticate them and, upon Milly's sarcastic suggestion, the brothers kidnap six women from a neighboring town to marry them. En 1999, il est classé quinzième plus grande légende du cinéma par l'American Film Institute. "[4]:146, Donen made a host of critically acclaimed and popular films. They married in 1960 and had two children together. [4]:121–122, Royal Wedding (1951)[11] starred Astaire and Jane Powell as a brother-sister American dancing team performing in England during the royal wedding of Elizabeth and Philip in 1947. XXXtremely", "The Man Who Helped Kelly Put His Best Foot Forward", "Damien Chazelle, réalisateur sur mesure", "Director Guillermo Del Toro Says 'Shape Of Water' Centers On 'Love Beyond Words, "Director William Friedkin on Rising and Falling and Rising in the Film Industry", "Steven Spielberg Remembers 'Friend and Early Mentor' Stanley Donen", "Stanley Donen to be honored at New York Israel Film Fest", "ANCHORS AWEIGH (1945): Special Effects & The Musical", "Riverside Theatre's WHAT A GLORIOUS FEELING Opens 10/30", "Like his films, Donen exudes style and wit", "Gene Kelly: Filmmaker Interview – Robert Trachtenberg", "Stanley Donen, de estatua a hombre en la gran Costa", "Legendary Musicals Director Stanley Donen on Audrey Hepburn and 'Dancing with the Stars' (Q&A)", "Stanley Donen gearing up to direct his first feature in 30 years", "Columbia (Finally) Celebrates Stanley Donen, Pioneer of Hollywood Musicals", "Stanley Donen, 'Master of the Musical' Who Directed 'Singin' in the Rain,' Dies at 94", "Stanley Donen, Famed Director of Mirthful Movie Musicals, Dies at 94", "Stanley Donen Oscar Speech Lifetime Achievement", Extracts from Silverman's biography of Donen, Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Donen&oldid=1012636151, American people of Russian-Jewish descent, Male actors from Columbia, South Carolina, United States Navy personnel of World War II, Internet Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Internet Off-Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Turner Classic Movies person ID same as Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Film director, film producer, choreographer, dancer, stage director, This page was last edited on 17 March 2021, at 13:50.